Renewable energy from algae, macroalgae seaweed, cyanobacteria, feedstocks, cultivation, harvesting, extraction, conversion, distribution and utilization by progressive management available from rakuten kobo. Potential process hurdles in the use of macroalgae as. In addition, the vulnerability of microalgae to contaminants and elements necessitates the use of sophisticated systems such as bioreactors which increase the cost and complexity of operations. Macroalgae, commonly referred to as seaweeds, are multicellular, photosynthetic organisms. It provides a brief overview on the mechanism of different biofuel production from algae. The commercially viable of macroalgae biofuel production is a key current issue. Cultivation of the marine macroalgae chaetomorpha linum in. Current feedstock for biodiesel production biodiesel can be made from any oillipid source. Alginate polymer is first degraded into oligomers by an alginate lyase. Solar hydrothermal deconstruction of green macroalgae biomass. Algae cultivation can also be integrated in wastewater treatment wwt plants to combine the contaminant removal with biofuels production. Recent developments on biofuels production from microalgae. Algae fuel, algal biofuel, or algal oil is an alternative to liquid fossil fuels that uses algae as its source of energyrich oils.
However the energy conversion via anaerobic digestion was successful as the biochemical. The economic and environmental viability of dedicated terrestrial energy crops is in doubt. Several species have biomass production rates that can surpass those of terrestrial plants 41, and many eukaryotic microalgae have the ability to. While the basic concept of using algae as an alternative and renewable source of biomass feedstock for biofuels has been explored previously, a scalable, sustainable and commercially viable system has yet to emerge. To decrease the cost associated with feedstock collection networks.
Jan 20, 2012 prospecting macroalgae seaweeds as feedstocks for bioconversion into biofuels and commodity chemical compounds is limited primarily by the availability of tractable microorganisms that can metabolize alginate polysaccharides. Compared to microalgae, researches on biofuel production from macroalgae in both academia and industry are at infancy for economically efficient and technological solutions. Marine algae are multicellular plants commonly known as seaweeds having potential applications in biofuel production, drug and. Recent developments in key biotechnologies shigeyuki kawai 1, and kousaku murata 2, 1 laboratory of basic and applied molecular biotechnology, division of food science and biotechnology, graduate school of agriculture, kyoto university, kyoto 6110011, japan.
Current production efficiencies for algal biomass production result in a. Brown macroalgae have alginate, mannitol, and glucans laminarin, cellulose, and hemicellulose as the primary carbohydrates. Macroalgae macroalgae are currently used mainly for food. Also, algae fuels are an alternative to commonly known biofuel sources, such as corn and sugarcane. Rosentrater 2, id 1 department of biosystems engineering, shahid chamran university of ahvaz, ahvaz 6578315, iran. Publication 442886 microalgae as a feedstock for biofuel. The chemical composition of macroalgae together with the pre. Challenges in biofuel production from terrestrial biomass currently, the two most abundant and feasible biofuels for largescale production are ethanol from corn or sugarcane and biodiesel from oil crops such as soy or oil palm 8. Project contributes to meeting platform goals and objectives of beto multiyear program plan. Macroalgae can be converted into biooil, and its lipids can then be separated for biodiesel production. The chemical composition of macroalgae together with the pretreatment method, conversion conditions, and the characteristics of the microbes involved wet processes. At the time of this publication, large scale production of algae based biofuel is not yet economically viable enough to displace petroleumbased fuels or compete with other renewable energy technologies such as wind, thermal solar, geothermal and other forms of bioenergy.
Algae biomasses are considered a viable option for the production of biofuel because of their high yields of oil produced per dry weight. The potential of large scale cultivation of macroalgae for biofuel production is discussed, and ideas for future research are presented. Ethanol was the first biofuel produced from foodbased feedstocks such as corn and sugarcane. Microalgae are basically unicellular organisms, so small that it can only be viewed under a microscope. The set of processes that lead from algae cultivation to collection and harvest, and finally to fuel conversion is termed the pathway for algal biofuel production. The phototrophic microalgae pathway is not effective in terms of cost and environmental impacts, and can be used only for highvalue purposes other than biofuel. Brown macroalgae contain alginate, mannitol and laminarin as their major carbohydrates. Genetic engineering of algae for enhanced biofuel production. A multitude of algaebased biofuel abb pathways are possible and need to be. Biofuel production based on carbohydrates from both brown and red macroalgae. Direct ethanol production from raw brown macroal gae is a promising approach for costeffective biofuel production because this approach consolidates the bio processes of ethanol production. Pdf technoeconomic analysis of biofuel production from.
Microalgae refer to a kind of autotrophic microorganism with rich nutrition and high photosynthetic. Latest development in microalgaebiofuel production with nano. At the time of this publication, large scale production of algaebased biofuel is not yet economically viable enough to displace petroleumbased fuels or compete with other renewable energy technologies such as wind, thermal solar, geothermal and other forms of bioenergy. May 10, 2020 share macroalgae in biofuel production. One life cycle assessments lca based on openpond onland cultivation system have cast doubt on the viability of utilizing macroalgal biomass for biofuel production, especially in terms of net energy consumption. This chapter provides a detailed analysis of microalgae and macroalgae cultivation and harvesting, with a description of the complexities involved in algal biofuel production. These versatile organisms can also be used for the production of biofuel. If you have any questions about issues, please report us to resolve them. Seaweed was produced either via the longline method or the grid method. Algae is a very promising source for renewable energy production since it can fix the greenhouse gas co 2 by photosynthesis and does not compete with the production of food. Pdf macroalgae in biofuel production jorma kuparinen. In addition to fungible biofuels, a variety of different biofuels and products can be generated using algae precursors. In addition, a wide range of marketable coproducts can be extracted from algae, e.
To decrease the cost associated with feedstock collection networks, finding applicable pretreatment, making hydrolysis and fermentation reactions efficient and scalingup of the processing equipment and, commercializing. Sustainable development of algal biofuels in the united states. However, filamentous freshwater macroalgae have numerous characteristics that favor their potential use as an alternative algal feedstock for biofuels production. Compared to microalgae, macroalgae are larger in size, thereby imposing lower separation and drying costs. This book shows how bioethanol and biogas can be produced from brown seaweeds using fermentation and anaerobic degradation processes. These food crops are attractive and widely used as raw materials for biofuel synthesis because of wellestablished.
This study demonstrates the feasibility of cultivating macroalgae chaetomorpha linum in different types of municipal wastewaters, their ability to remove nutrient and their biomass composition for downstream biofuel production. We also investigated the impact of the process parameters on the production of 5hydroxymethylfurfural 5hmf, an important biofuel intermediate, which, however, is a major fermentation inhibitor. The production of large scale biomass macroalgae for biofuels in the marine environment was first tested in the late 1960s. However, many of the published papers do not consider the question of scale up and the feasibility of the various processes to be operated at the very large scale required if algal biofuels are to make a meaningful contribution to renewable fuels. When made from seaweed macroalgae it can be known as seaweed fuel or seaweed oil several companies and government agencies are funding efforts to reduce capital. Several species have biomass production rates that can surpass those of terrestrial plants 41, and many eukaryotic microalgae have the ability to store signi. May 10, 2016 the production of juvenile algae also represents a major cost component of the overall production. Furthermore, we analyse the main assumptions, modelling approaches and results of the algal biofuel pathways, in terms of energy and greenhouse gas ghg emissions balances, considered in the lca literature. Latest development in microalgaebiofuel production with.
However, the company is using the partnership to great advantage, portraying itself as a committed. The conversion processes of macroalgae for biofuels can be divided into thermochemical dry and microbiological wet processes. Biofuel production based on carbohydrates from both brown. Though it has attracted much attention, research on macroalgae for industrial liquid biofuel production is still in its infancy 119. Here, we present the discovery of a 36kilobase pair dna fragment from vibrio splendidus encoding enzymes for alginate transport and metabolism. Macroalgae are subdivided into three groups red, green and brown macroalgae. Direct bioethanol production from brown macroalgae by co.
Hydrothermal liquefaction is a promising process for biofuel production. Production of biofuels from microalgae springerlink. Microalgae have been experimented as a potential feedstock for biofuel generation in current era owing to its rich energy content, inflated growth rate, inexpensive culture approaches, the notable capacity of co2 fixation, and o2 addition to the environment. Algal biomass is a fastgrowing, renewable resource and a pr. Biofuel production based on carbohydrates from both brown and. Request pdf macroalgae in biofuel production the conversion processes of macroalgae for biofuels can be divided into thermochemical dry and microbiological wet processes.
This chapter describes several contrasting pathways that lead from algae cultivation to. At present, macroalgae are not economically, or in many cases not even environmentally, sustainable material when the whole production chain is considered. The production of biofuels from microalgae, especially biodiesel, has become a topic of great interest in recent years. Production, usage, challenges and prospects master thesis in sustainable development at uppsala university, 31 pp, 30 no. The culture attempts failed due to the engineering challenges of farming offshore. Shijian ge, max madill and pascale champagne, use of freshwater macroalgae spirogyra sp. Technoeconomic analysis of biofuel production from macroalgae seaweed mohsen soleymani 1 and kurt a. Pdf macroalgae in biofuel production javaan stewardson. There are several aspects of algal biofuel production that have combined to capture the interest of researchers and entrepreneurs around the world. The chemical composition of macroalgae together with the pretreatment method, conversion conditions, and the characteristics of the microbes involved wet processes determine the yield and the properties of the biofuel produced.
Production of biogas and bioethanol from brown macroalgae read online. The production of juvenile algae also represents a major cost component of the overall production. A technoeconomic evaluation of bioenergy production from macroalgae was carried out in this study. Final products of these scenarios were either ethanol from fermentation, or electricity from anaerobic digestion ad. The united states, being the largest producer of corn, have successfully commercialized corn ethanol production dien et al. Design of the microbial platform for production of biofuels and renewable commodity chemical compounds from macroalgae. Currently, research is ongoing towards the advancement of microalgalbiofuel technologies. Technoeconomic analysis of biofuel production from. The fallacy of large scale agrobiofuels production full colection. Solar hydrothermal deconstruction of green macroalgae. Extensive efforts have been made to evaluate the potential of microalgae as a biofuel feedstock during the past 45 decades. Its availability in large quantity presents a great opportunity for use as a source of renewable energy.
Case studies in fuel production from macroalgae 62 12. Macroalgae in biofuel production government documents. Red macroalgae red macroalgae come in a variety of shades of red due to additional red protein pigments. An engineered microbial platform for direct biofuel. In general, biodiesel feedstock can be categorized into three groups. They are evolutionarily diverse and abundant in the worlds oceans and coastal waters. Compared to macroalgae which are structurally more complex consisting of different cells with its own functions and purposes, microalgae in general has only basic cell construction which is just enough to ensure their survival.
Department of energy doe biomass programs national algal biofuels technology roadmap. Prepared with the input of more than 200 scientists, engineers, industry representatives, research managers, and other stakeholders, this document represents the synthesis of the biomass programs national algal. Macroalgae seaweed for liquid transportation biofuel. However, the high lipid content of some microalgae compared to that of macroalgae has centered attention on the use of microalgae in the production of biodiesel. The red colour is not uniform and some species are purple, mauve, orange or even yellow.
Six different scenarios were examined for the production of different energy products and byproducts. Hydrothermal liquefaction is a promising process for biofuel production from biomasses. Potential of micro and macro algae for biofuel production. In this regard cultivation of seaweeds as an energy crop has a great potential. The present study focuses on all the possible avenues of biofuels production through biochemical and thermochemical conversion methods in one place, bringing together both microalgae and macroalgae on the same platform.